Movement as Culture: Dance in the Middle East, North Africa, and the Diaspora

Moving to the Gulf, Arabizing Bollywood

This project links shifting migration patterns from India to the Gulf Coast , to the adoption of representations of a belly dance aesthetic and movement in Bollywood film dance sequences and music videos. I make these connections through an analysis of how the first popular appearance of Arab movement in a Bollywood dance sequence in 1975 occurs right in the midst of the first oil boom in the Gulf Coast Countries  (GCC), namely Saudi Arabia, in the 1970’s, which in turn led to an increase in Indian migration to the GCC. The subsequent development of GCC infrastructure to take advantage of the oil resources and exports increased the demand for Indian labor migration to the region and simultaneously created a reverse cultural flow, increasing the popularity of belly dancing aesthetics in Bollywood dance, which had previously primarily combined Western movement (i.e. ballet, swing dancing) with Indian classical movement (i.e. bharatnatyam, kathak). Here I argue that the continued integration of Indians and rise of the Indian diaspora in the Gulf Coast has corresponded with a rise in the popularity of Bollywood film in the region, which in turn, has gradually improved the authenticity of belly dance movement in Bollywood dance sequences. An important thing to note is that while Middle Eastern movement techniques have been incorporated into the Bollywood and Indian movement vocabularies, there are not actual teachers, classes, or dance festivals of pure raqs sharqi in India. Raqs sharqi merely exists as a component of Indian fusion dance sequences.

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